Why Are Cats and Dogs Walking Unevenly and Drooling Excessively? Veterinarian Explains "1 Disease" Causing Imbalance in Pets

The vestibular system is a crucial mechanism that helps animals maintain balance. When this system malfunctions, it can lead to a range of clinical symptoms, including unnatural head tilting, nystagmus (eye tremors), strabismus (crossed eyes), and difficulty walking straight, sometimes resulting in rolling or an inability to stand. Pet owners may notice their dogs or cats walking unsteadily, with their eyes moving from side to side and excessive drooling, leading to concerns about unusual illnesses.

These symptoms are characteristic of "vestibular syndrome." According to Dr. He Zhi-yuan from Oasis Animal Hospital, the vestibular system plays a vital role in maintaining balance. When issues arise within this system, pets may exhibit various clinical signs such as head tilt, nystagmus, strabismus, and difficulty walking straight. Additional symptoms can include nausea, vomiting, drooling, or loss of appetite.

Dr. He emphasizes that these symptoms can often mislead pet owners into thinking their pets are experiencing seizures or dementia. However, seizures typically present with "paroxysmal" symptoms like limb rigidity, paddling movements, drooling, or involuntary urination and defecation. In contrast, dementia is characterized by "progressive" behavioral changes such as confusion, abnormal sleep patterns, or alterations in bathroom habits. Vestibular syndrome primarily involves abnormalities related to balance.

Causes of Vestibular Syndrome

The causes of vestibular syndrome are quite complex and may include infections, inflammation, tumors, or vascular issues affecting the inner ear, cerebellum, or brainstem. It may also be associated with hypothyroidism, metabolic diseases, or vitamin B1 deficiency.

Age and Breed Considerations

Vestibular syndrome can occur in pets of all ages. Young pets might show symptoms due to developmental abnormalities, while older pets are more susceptible to tumors. Dogs are more likely to experience thyroid-related issues affecting balance, whereas cats may be more prone to conditions resulting from vitamin B1 deficiency.

Management and Care

If your pet is diagnosed with vestibular syndrome, Dr. He recommends creating a safe environment at home. This includes providing soft mats or towels around the pet's area and ensuring that the floor has enough friction to prevent slips and falls. Owners can assist their pets by providing support as they practice standing and walking again.

In terms of medication, veterinarians may prescribe anti-nausea drugs or appetite stimulants to alleviate discomfort. If a pet experiences prolonged loss of appetite, early veterinary intervention is advised as they may require fluids or nutritional support through feeding tubes.

"The vestibular system is essential for maintaining balance and spatial orientation in animals." - Dr. He Zhi-yuan